• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Arrangement (1) comprising a mixing head (2) for mixing at least two components (K1, K2) for producing a plastic part, each having at least one input (3) for introducing at least one component (K1, K2), at least one output ( 4), which is connectable to a cavity (5) of a tool (6), a mixing chamber (7) into which the inlets (3) open and which is connected to the at least one outlet (4), and an expelling device (8 ) for expelling the mixture (M) from the at least two components (K1, K2) from the mixing chamber (7) into the at least one outlet (4) and a wave generator (9) comprising at least one wave emitter (10) is arranged so that waves (W) are emissive into the mixing chamber (7).
    公开号:AT514610A4
    申请号:T5082013
    申请日:2013-06-21
    公开日:2015-02-15
    发明作者:Gerhard Dipl Ing Bäck；Michael Dipl Ing Dr Fischlschweiger；Lorenz Michael Dipl Ing Dr Reith；Georg Dipl Ing Dr Steinbichler
    申请人:Engel Austria Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention deals with the problem of mixing two components for producing a plastic.
    This problem is known for example from the automotive mass production. In this case, the economically meaningful further reduction of the cycle time increasingly encounters technical limits, because rapid RTM systems (RTM = resin transfer molding) have a very narrow temperature process window and short production stoppages with highly reactive systems or components already premature reaction of the material in the Supply tubes and in the mixing head can trigger and thus production interruptions and costly cleaning would be the result. Also, reactive systems are typically processed starting from liquid, temperature-controlled individual components, which is due to the longer residence time associated with a higher thermal stress and creeping material degradation in the reservoirs.
    Conversely, if the at least two components are not sufficiently mixed, incomplete polymerization occurs, leaving unwanted monomers and / or oligomers.
    In order to improve the mixing, static mixers are already known (see, for example, DE 198 08 620 C1 or WO 2005/053826 A2). If, in a static mixer, an undesired premature polymerization occurs, the mixer must be disposed of or cleaned with great effort, such as, for example, flushed using a flushing medium.
    It is already known that the production of the plastic from at least two components is accelerated at elevated temperature. The problem is that the temperature can not be increased arbitrarily, without a polymerization takes place, which is desired only in the cavity of a tool of a molding machine.
    For example, a better temperature homogeneity across the flow area with heat exchangers could be achieved, but again, the premature one
    Reaction possible because the temperatures in the heat exchanger are subject to a certain inertia and the residence time distribution is wider. This can also lead to premature reaction of the reactive system in the mixing device. The consequence would be that these elements would either be clogged and / or laboriously cleaned up.
    To increase the temperature, it is generally also known to use waves as energy sources.
    A first example of this is shown in EP 1 582 092 B1, according to which the melt is heated. In this case, inductively or by means of electrical resistance heating, a core is heated by introducing high-frequency electromagnetic waves, by which the melt is heated. The use of plastics made from components by mixing before the polymerization is not described. This method is not transferable for use with a mixing head as hot walls would occur which would lead to premature polymerization in the immediately adjacent areas. In other words, the crucial heat transport mechanism in the medium is based on heat conduction. This results in significant temperature differences between near-emitter and emitter-distant layers. In addition, in the wall-adhesive systems usually present, the flow velocity in the edge region is lower and thus the residence time is higher. The use of this type of heat input into reactive thermoplastic and thermoset systems can lead to polymerization or crosslinking in the near-emitter layer and, associated therewith, to increase the flow cross-section.
    A second example is shown in EP 2 062 930 A1. Therein, a method for producing an injection molded part is described, wherein in a cavity of a tool high-frequency electromagnetic waves, such as microwaves, are introduced. In addition, the emitters can be destroyed by reflections of the radiation on metallic surfaces. Metal-suitable alternative solutions (DE 103 29 411 B4) entail strong geometrical restrictions and require a high field homogeneity. g β · g C * · · · · w v * * ·
    A similar device is known from EP 1 925 421 B1, according to which an inductive coil is wound around the tool. Although the advantage of accelerating the reaction time results for reactive systems at the disadvantage that the local energy input leads to different morphological conditions and reaction rates in the final product. The essential factor "mixing / homogenizing" of the reaction components can only be improved locally in the tool. Furthermore, this system is tool-related and not system-related, whereby a specific design is required for each molding geometry and this therefore leads to increased costs.
    The same disadvantages apply to a further similar document (DE 101 53 706 A1), according to which a method and a device for coupling ultrasound in cavities of an injection mold during the
    Shaping process is shown. This is mainly about the problem of
    Welds.
    The object of the invention is, regardless of dimensions of different cavities, to permit as complete as possible homogenization and / or heating of the mixture by introducing waves into the mixture. Furthermore, the cycle time should be reduced as much as possible.
    This object is achieved by an arrangement having the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 12.
    The mixing chamber of a mixing head represents a relatively concentrated volume, which can be irradiated without major problems over the entire volume quite well with a single wave emitter. This ensures that thorough homogenisation and / or heating of the mixture, which is located in the mixing chamber, takes place through the wave introduction. A particular advantage is that the mixing chamber of the mixing head always has the same geometry, regardless of how the arranged in the cavity cavity is formed.
    Compared to a known irradiation of the mixture in the cavity, the energy is introduced by the waves much smoother in the mixture, since the usual in a cavity thickness differences are not given. If one wanted to uniformly irradiate a cavity in the same way as the mixing chamber in the invention, one would have to use a multiplicity of wave emitters, which are arranged distributed over the cavity. Obviously, such a solution would be much more costly. In addition, attempts to heat in the cavity have shown the disadvantage that the sprue cures later than the material in the cavity and thereby the demolding must be done later, resulting in an undesirable extension of the cycle time. In contrast, the present invention reduces the temperature difference between the reactive mass injected into the mold and the mold temperature.
    Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
    Accordingly, it is provided according to a first preferred embodiment, that the wave generator for the emission of electromagnetic waves or sound waves is formed. In particular, the electromagnetic waves may be microwaves, laser beams, waves generated by induction, infrared waves or ultraviolet waves. As sound waves ultrasonic waves are preferably used. These have the advantage that, in addition to the heat input, they generate cavitations in the mixture which, on collapse, produce very high mixing speeds. A positive side effect of this is that the reactants come into contact and the reaction rates are higher than by pure thermal excitation. Furthermore, this has positive effects on the residual monomer content and the chain length in thermoplastic reactive systems. Particularly preferably, the frequency range of the ultrasonic waves is between 1 and 100 kHz.
    Particular preference is given to using reactive thermoplastic, thermosetting or elastomeric starting components (precursors) as components for the production of the plastic. Examples of the resulting plastics are PA 6, PA 12, cPBT, epoxy resins, polyurethanes or silicones. The to be mixed
    Starting components (precursors) in the production of polyurethane are on the one hand polyol and on the other hand polyisocyanate. The starting components for the other cited plastics are well known to a plastics expert. The starting components may also include radiation sensitive components.
    Preferably, the plastic parts produced can also have (continuous) fiber reinforcements or other functional additives. By heating after the material preparation and mixing of the reactive components during the introduction / injection of reactive systems in cavities filled with fibers or continuous fibers, the viscosity is simultaneously reduced when filling fiber-reinforced cavities, resulting in better infiltration and fiber wetting. In addition, the cycle time is reduced by the higher starting temperature for the crosslinking / polymerization.
    In principle, it is important that the waves emitted by the wave emitter reach the mixing chamber. Where there is the wave generator or the wave emitter itself, is irrelevant in itself. For a structurally simple design but is preferably provided that the wave generator and / or the wave emitter are integrated into the mixing head. In order to selectively emit the waves in the mixing chamber over a short distance, it is particularly preferred that the at least one wave emitter is integrated into the expulsion device. If the expelling device is designed as a plunger, the shaft emitter is preferably arranged in or on the plunger. Alternatively, however, it can also be provided that the at least one wave emitter is arranged in the wall of the mixing head. Again alternatively, it can also be provided that the least one wave emitter and / or the wave generator is integrated into the tool. In principle, these attachment locations of the shaft emitter or wave generator mentioned here as alternatives can also be present in parallel in a single arrangement.
    Furthermore, it is basically possible that the mixing chamber is integrated into the tool or attached to the tool. In other words, then the mixing chamber is integrated into the tool inlet region and the polymerized / crosslinked reactive system (mixture) is removed from the mold like a secondary cavity. Nevertheless, the mixing chamber is also formed in this embodiment separately from the actual Werkzeugkavität (main cavity) in which the produced plastic part hardens, and has an output which is connectable to the main cavity of the tool.
    According to a further embodiment, the arrangement has at least two introduction devices, wherein each of the at least two introduction devices is connected to an input of the mixing chamber.
    Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that heating bands are arranged on or around the mixing chamber. In such an embodiment, the wave emitter has the task - in addition to improving the Katalyseeigenschaften - homogenize the created by the heating bands inhomogeneous temperature field, especially in the edge region to prevent premature polymerization.
    According to yet another embodiment, the arrangement further comprises at least one cavity formed in a tool, the cavity being connected to the outlet of the mixing head. In principle, it is also possible to arrange the wave emitter in the region of the cavity or in the tool as long as waves are also emitted from there into the mixing chamber.
    If the heat is introduced by microwaves, it is preferably provided that the radiation reflection surfaces are lined with a material of the microwave radiation is not reflected. Preferably, PTFE is used as a cladding.
    If the heat input is performed with a laser, it is preferably provided that the radiation reflection surfaces are designed mirror-coated in order to ensure a homogeneous heat input.
    Another possibility for the heat input and homogenization of the merged components is the combination of UV waves with ultrasonic waves, the function of the ultrasonic waves is predominantly in the range of homogenization and the UV waves accelerate the photochemical reaction in the mixture.
    Protection is also desired for an injection molding machine with at least one arrangement according to the invention. Such an injection molding machine has at least one movable platen, a fixed platen, a frame and a drive device for moving the movable platen along the frame. Preferably, the mixing head of the arrangement is integrated into the fixed platen.
    In addition, protection is desired for a method for homogenizing and / or heating a mixture which is present in a mixing chamber of a mixing head and consists of at least two components for producing a plastic by introducing waves into the mixture. In this case, the mixing chamber is connected via an outlet to a cavity formed in a tool.
    Various examples of the invention will be discussed below with reference to the figures.
    Fig. 1 shows schematically two introduction devices, a mixing chamber with wave generator and a closing side with a tool, wherein the wave emitter is integrated into the dispensing device.
    Fig. 2 shows an alternative arrangement in which the wave emitter is integrated into the tool.
    Fig. 3 shows, as in Fig. 1, a further variant according to which the wave emitter is integrated in the plunger.
    4 shows a further variant according to which a plurality of wave emitters are arranged on the wall of the mixing chamber.
    5 to 8 show different profiles of the speed or the temperature over the flow cross-section of the mixing chamber.
    1 shows an arrangement 1 with two introduction devices 11, from which the components K1 and K2 pass via the lines 16 and the inlets 3 into the mixing chamber 7 formed in the mixing head 2, where the components K1 and K2 mix to form the mixture M. The mixing chamber 7 forms a flow channel for the mixture M. The component K1 can be for example an activator and the component K2 a catalyst. The arrangement 1 also has an expelling device 8 which can be moved in the mixing chamber 7. In this case, the wave emitter 10 is integrated into the expulsion device 8, wherein the wave emitter 10 is signal-connected via a signal line 20 to the wave generator 9. The wave emitter 10 emits waves W into the mixing chamber 7, whereby the mixture M is heated and / or homogenized. The mixing chamber 7 is connected to the cavity 5 via the outlet 4. Optionally, a closure element may be provided in this area. The cavity 5 is formed in the tool 6, wherein the tool 6 is formed by the two mold halves 12 and 13, which in turn are attached to the platens 14 and 15 and clamped. By moving the expelling device 8 in the direction of the tool 6, the mixture M is transported via the outlet 4 of the mixing chamber 7 into the cavity 5, where the mixture M is polymerized into a plastic part. Optionally, reinforcing materials can be arranged in the cavity 5, which are soaked in the injection of the mixture M.
    In Fig. 2, the wave emitter 10 is integrated into the tool 6, wherein the waves W are emitted through the cavity 5 into the mixing chamber 7.
    Fig. 3 shows a similar to Fig. 1 embodiment, with only the mixing head 2 with the two inputs 3, the mixing chamber 7 and the output 4 is shown. The shaft emitter 10, which emits the waves W into the mixing chamber 7 and into the mixture M located there from the components K1 and K2, is mounted on the expelling device 8 (tappet) which is movable in the mixing chamber 7.
    Fig. 4 shows a combined heating and mixing. On the one hand, the mixing chamber 7 is heated externally via heating strips 17, and on the other hand, a plurality of wave emitters 10 (for example ultrasound sonotrodes) are arranged in the base body of the mixing head 2. According to Fig. 4, a plurality of wave emitters 10 advantageous for
    Improvement of the temperature homogeneity in jacket-tempered melt lines (mixing chamber 7) can be used. As a result, the temperature gradient over the flow cross-section is reduced contactlessly and without flow-dividing mechanical elements-as in the case of static or dynamic mixers-in the flow channel. A heating in the inlet region (outlet 4) of the melt (mixture M) in the tool 6 is possible and the polymerized / crosslinked reactive system could be removed from the mold with the tool opening movement.
    5 to 8 on the one hand the temperature T and the velocity V of the mixture M in the mixing chamber 7 (melt channel) and on the other hand the mixing chamber cross section with the wall 18 of the mixing chamber 7 and the channel center 19 of the mixing chamber 7 are shown in diagrams. According to FIG. 5, the temperature profile is shown when heated by heat conduction, from which it can be seen that the temperature T of the mixture M in the regions on the wall 18 is increased. From Fig. 6, the velocity profile is also shown in a heating by heat conduction, which also shows large differences between the wall 18 and channel center 19 in addition. This creates the risk of premature polymerization or crosslinking in the edge region. In contrast, a balanced temperature profile along the entire mixing chamber cross section is achieved by a heat conduction heating, which is superimposed by a heating or homogenization by wave input, as shown in FIG. In addition, there is also a larger area of the flow or
    Mixing chamber cross-section, in which the velocity profile has a uniform velocity V (see Fig. 8).
    Innsbruck, on June 20, 2013
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. Arrangement (1) comprising a mixing head (2) for mixing at least two components (K1, K2) for producing a plastic part, each comprising: at least one input (3) for introducing at least one component (K1, K2) each at least one output (4) connectable to a cavity (5) of a tool (6), a mixing chamber (7) into which the inlets (3) open and which is connected to the at least one outlet (4), and an expulsion device (8) for expelling the mixture (M) from the at least two components (K1, K2) from the mixing chamber (7) into the at least one outlet (4) and - a wave generator (9) comprising at least one wave emitter (10 ), which is arranged so that waves (W) are emissive into the mixing chamber (7).
    [2]
    2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the wave generator (9) is designed for the emission of electromagnetic waves or sound waves.
    [3]
    3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the electromagnetic waves are microwaves, laser beams, waves generated by induction, infrared waves or ultraviolet waves.
    [4]
    4. Arrangement according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the sound waves are ultrasonic waves, which are preferably in a frequency range between 1 and 100 kHz.
    [5]
    5. Arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wave generator (9) and / or shaft emitter (10) in the mixing head (2) are integrated / is.
    [6]
    6. Arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the expelling device (8) is designed as a plunger.
    [7]
    7. Arrangement according to claim 5 and 6, characterized in that the at least one shaft emitter (10) is arranged in or on the plunger.
    [8]
    8. Arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by at least two introduction devices (11), wherein each of the at least two introduction devices (11) with an input (3) of the mixing chamber (7) is connected.
    [9]
    9. Arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by at least one in a tool (6) formed cavity (5) which is connected to the output (4) of the mixing head (2).
    [10]
    10. Arrangement according to claim 9, characterized in that the wave generator (9) and / or shaft emitter (10) in the tool (6) are integrated / is.
    [11]
    11. Injection molding machine with at least one arrangement (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 10.
    [12]
    12. A method for homogenizing and / or heating a in a mixing chamber (7) of a mixing head (2), consisting of at least two components (K1, K2) for producing a plastic part mixture (M) by introducing waves (W) in the mixture (M). Innsbruck, on June 20, 2013
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    2020-02-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20190621 |
    优先权:
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    DE201410008603| DE102014008603A1|2013-06-21|2014-06-10|Mixing head with wave emitter directed at mixing chamber|
    CN201410445709.2A| CN104275780A|2013-06-21|2014-06-20|Wave generator mixing head with directive mixing chamber|
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